ALL ESSAYS
Everything published so far about where Canada’s oceans meet finance, policy and stewardship.
95 pieces
Offshore petroleum and offshore wind are not two versions of the same business. One runs on corporate balance sheets and a track record; the other is still a projection waiting on transmission, offtake, and a first licensing round. Decommissioning is the long-tail cost most discussion underweights.
Newfoundland produces the oil. Nova Scotia is betting on wind it has not yet built. The Pacific is closed by moratorium and surrendered permits, and the Arctic is on indefinite hold. Canadian offshore energy in 2026 is less a national industry than four separate situations.
The ocean economy is counted at two to three trillion dollars a year. That number covers the industries that touch salt water, and it leaves out most of what depends on the ocean without touching it.
Kelp grows up to half a metre a day and builds underwater forests that rival reefs for biodiversity. Along the BC coast, marine heatwaves, sea star disease, and exploding urchin populations are turning those forests to bare rock.
Mangroves grow where no other tree can, rooted in salt water and oxygen-poor mud. They can store several times the carbon of upland forest in the same area, blunt storm waves, and shelter young fish. Cleared, they flip from carbon sink to carbon source.
A coral reef is a living structure built by tiny animals. Algae inside the coral feed it and give it its colour. When water warms even slightly past the coral’s limit, the polyps expel the algae and turn white, and if the heat holds, they die. Standing reefs feed fisheries and blunt storm waves.
Most conservation funding runs out when the political cycle turns. The Great Bear Sea agreement was built to outlast that: $335 million, an endowment at its core, and Indigenous governance as the foundation, not the recipient.
A port is not optimized for any single thing it does. It is a negotiation between functions that don’t agree, on timescales that don’t align, conducted by an authority holding five roles at once. How well that goes decides much of the blue economy’s cost.
In 2024, Canadian supply chains absorbed strikes, rerouting, drought, and wildfire at once. The exposures behind that year are structural, and they change how port and shipping assets should be financed.
Canada’s ports look like public infrastructure, but the capital behind them is a hybrid of self-funding authorities, private operators, and a fast-growing layer of public financing. How money actually moves through the system, why labour is an underpriced risk, and where the investment case sits.
Marine transport carries roughly a fifth of Canada’s trade by value, through four corridors that each work differently. How Canadian cargo actually moves, why the ports are landlords and not cargo handlers, and why the whole system runs on rail.
Reserve land cannot be pledged as collateral, so for generations First Nations were largely locked out of the debt markets. They built their own lender instead, and it now carries an investment-grade rating and finances Indigenous ownership of fisheries, LNG, and coastal infrastructure.