How the ocean works as a physical system. This covers currents, tides, heat absorption, chemistry, and the large-scale dynamics that shape ocean conditions and underpin everything that happens within them.
Ocean Physics
The ocean is layered, regionally distinct, and in constant motion in ways that operate mostly out of sight. For anyone making financial decisions connected to it, those qualities are the underlying system, not the background.
Ocean Physics
The ocean has absorbed more than 90 percent of the excess heat added to the climate system since 1971. Surface temperature records describe the smaller part of the story. Most of the change is out of sight, underwater.